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The sawsharks or saw sharks are an order (Pristiophoriformes ) of sharks bearing long blade-like snouts edged with teeth, which they use to slash and disable their prey. Most occur in waters from South Africa to Australia and Japan , at depths of 40 metres (130 ft) and below; in 1960 the Bahamas sawshark was discovered in the deeper waters (640 m to 915 m) of the northwestern Caribbean .
Description and biology [ ]
Sawsharks have a pair of long barbels about halfway along the snout. They have two dorsal fins , but lack anal fins , and range up to 170 centimetres (5.6 ft) in length.[2] Genus Pliotrema has six gill slits , and Pristiophorus the more usual five. The teeth of the saw typically alternate between large and small.
The sharks typically feed on fish, squid , and crustaceans , depending on species. They cruise the bottom, using the barbels and ampullae of Lorenzini on the saw to detect prey in mud or sand, then hit victims with side-to-side swipes of the saw, crippling them.
Although they are similar in appearance, sawsharks are distinct from sawfish . Sawfish have a much larger maximum size, lack barbels, have evenly sized rather than alternating sawteeth, and have gill slits on their undersurface rather than on the side of the head.
Genera and species [ ]
There are six described species of sawshark known, in two genera. The latest species, Pristiophorus delicatus , was only discovered in 2008.
Pliotrema [ ]
This genus consists of a single species, the sixgill sawshark , distinguished from Pristiophorus by having six pairs of gill slits. In addition, their rostral sawteeth have prominent transverse ridges on the basal ledges, and the large teeth have posterior serrations.[3]
Pliotrema warreni Regan , 1906 (Sixgill sawshark)
Pristiophorus [ ]
Members of this genus have five gill slits. Their rostral sawteeth lack prominent transverse ridges on the basal ledges, and the large teeth are not posteriorly serrated.[3]
Pristiophorus cirratus (Latham , 1794) (Longnose sawshark)
Pristiophorus delicatus Yearsley , Last & W. T. White , 2008 (Tropical sawshark)
Pristiophorus japonicus Günther , 1870 (Japanese sawshark)
Pristiophorus nancyae Ebert & Cailliet , 2011[4] (African dwarf sawshark)
Pristiophorus nudipinnis Günther , 1870 (Shortnose sawshark)
Pristiophorus schroederi S. Springer & Bullis , 1960 (Bahamas sawshark)
See also [ ]
References [ ]
^ Template:FishBase order
^ FishBase
^ a b Compagno, Leonard J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date . Rome : Food and Agricultural Organization . ISBN 9251013845 .
^ Ebert, D.A. & Cailliet, G.M. (2011): Pristiophorus nancyae, a New Species of Sawshark (Chondrichthyes: Pristiophoridae) from Southern Africa. Bulletin of Marine Science, 87 (3): 501-512.
External links [ ]
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Centrophoridae (Gulper sharks)
Centrophorus
Deania
Birdbeak dogfish (D. calcea )
Rough longnose dogfish (D. hystricosa )
Arrowhead dogfish (D. profundorum )
Longsnout dogfish (D. quadrispinosum )
Dalatiidae
Heteroscymnoides
Longnose pygmy shark (H. marleyi ) Mollisquama
Pocket shark (M. parini ) Isistius
Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis )
South China cookiecutter shark (I. labialis )
Largetooth cookiecutter shark (I. plutodus ) Euprotomicrus
Pygmy shark (E. bispinatus ) Squaliolus
Echinorhinidae
Etmopteridae
Aculeola
Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra ) Centroscyllium
Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum )
Black dogfish (C. fabricii )
Granular dogfish (C. granulatum )
Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai )
Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum )
Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum )
Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri ) Etmopterus (Lantern sharks)
New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri )
Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi )
Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus )
Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi )
E. burgessi
Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri )
Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus )
Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus )
Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus )
E. dislineatus
Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi )
Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus )
Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis )
Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus )
Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus )
Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi )
Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer )
Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri )
Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi )
African lanternshark (E. polli )
Great lanternshark (E. princeps )
False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus )
Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus )
Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis )
West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi )
Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi )
Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus )
Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax )
Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus )
Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis )
Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor )
Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus )
Green lanternshark (E. virens ) Miroscyllium
Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi ) Trigonognathus
Viper dogfish (T. kabeyai )
Oxynotidae (Rough sharks)
Oxynotus
Prickly dogfish (O. bruniensis )
Caribbean roughshark (O. caribbaeus )
Angular roughshark (O. centrina )
Japanese roughshark (O. japonicus )
Sailfin roughshark (O. paradoxus )
Somniosidae (Sleeper sharks)
Centroscymnus
Portuguese dogfish (C. coelolepis )
Shortnose velvet dogfish (C. cryptacanthus )
Roughskin dogfish (C. owstoni ) Centroselachus
Longnose velvet dogfish (C. crepidater ) Proscymnodon
Largespine velvet dogfish (P. macracanthus )
Plunket shark (P. plunketi ) Scymnodalatias
Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda )
Azores dogfish (S. garricki )
Sparsetooth dogfish (S. oligodon )
Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi ) Scymnodon
Smallmouth velvet dogfish (S. obscurus )
Knifetooth dogfish (S. ringens ) Somniosus
Southern sleeper shark (S. antarcticus )
Frog shark (S. longus )
Greenland shark (S. microcephalus )
Pacific sleeper shark (S. pacificus )
Little sleeper shark (S. rostratus ) Zameus
Japanese velvet dogfish (Z. ichiharai )
Velvet dogfish (Z. squamulosus )
Squalidae (Dogfish sharks)
Cirrhigaleus
Roughskin spurdog (C. asper )
Mandarin dogfish (C. barbifer ) Squalus (Spurdogs)
Spiny dogfish (S. acanthias )
Eastern highfin spurdog (S. albifrons )
S. acutirostris
Western highfin spurdog (S. altipinnis )
Longnose spurdog (S. blainville )
Fatspine spurdog (S. crassispinus )
Cuban dogfish (S. cubensis )
Eastern longnose spurdog (S. grahami )
Japanese spurdog (S. japonicus )
Shortnose spurdog (S. megalops )
Blacktailed spurdog (S. melanurus )
Shortspine spurdog (S. mitsukurii )
Bartail spurdog (S. notocaudatus )
Western longnose spurdog (S. nasutus )
Cyrano spurdog (S. rancureli )
Squalus suckleyi
Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks)
Squatinidae
Sawback angelshark (S. aculeata )
African angelshark (S. africana )
Eastern Australian angelshark (Squatina albipunctata )
Argentine angelshark (S. argentina )
Chilean angelshark (S. armata )
Australian angelshark (S. australis )
Pacific angelshark (S. californica )
Sand devil (S. dumeril )
Taiwan angelshark (S. formosa )
Angular angel shark (S. guggenheim )
S. heteroptera
Japanese angelshark (S. japonica )
Indonesian angelshark (S. legnota )
Cortez angelshark (S. mexicana )
Clouded angelshark (S. nebulosa )
Smoothback angelshark (S. oculata )
S. punctata
Western Australian angelshark (Squatina pseudocellata )
Angelshark (S. squatina )
Ornate angelshark (S. tergocellata )
Ocellated angelshark (S. tergocellatoides )
Brachaeluridae
Brachaelurus
Heteroscyllium
Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi )
Ginglymostomatidae (Nurse sharks)
Hemiscylliidae (Bamboo sharks)
Chiloscyllium
Arabian carpetshark (C. arabicum )
Burmese bamboo shark (C. burmensis )
Bluespotted bamboo shark (C. caerulopunctatum )
Grey bamboo shark (C. griseum )
Hasselt's bamboo shark (C. hasseltii )
Slender bamboo shark (C. indicum )
Whitespotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum )
Brownbanded bamboo shark (C. punctatum ) Hemiscyllium
Indonesian speckled carpetshark (H. freycineti )
H. galei
Papuan epaulette shark (H. hallstromi )
H. henryi
Epaulette shark (H. ocellatum )
Hooded carpetshark (H. strahani )
Speckled carpetshark (H. trispeculare )
Orectolobidae (Wobbegongs)
Eucrossorhinus
Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon ) Orectolobus
Floral banded wobbegong (O. floridus )
Banded wobbegong (O. halei )
Western wobbegong (O. hutchinsi )
Japanese wobbegong (O. japonicus )
Spotted wobbegong (O. maculatus )
Ornate wobbegong (O. ornatus )
Dwarf spotted wobbegong (O. parvimaculatus )
Network wobbegong (O. reticulatus )
Northern wobbegong (O. wardi ) Sutorectus
Cobbler wobbegong (S. tentaculatus )
Parascylliidae (Collared carpet sharks)
Cirrhoscyllium
Barbelthroat carpetshark (C. expolitum )
Taiwan saddled carpetshark (C. formosanum )
Saddle carpetshark (C. japonicum ) Parascyllium
Collared carpetshark (P. collare )
Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum )
Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum )
Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum )
Rhincodontidae
Stegostomatidae
Stegostoma
Zebra shark (S. fasciatum )
Hemigaleidae (Weasel sharks)
Leptochariidae
Leptocharias
Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii )
Proscylliidae (Finback sharks)
Pseudotriakidae
Gollum
Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus ) Pseudotriakis
False catshark (P. microdon )
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead sharks)
Triakidae (Houndsharks)
Furgaleus
Whiskery shark (F. macki ) Galeorhinus
School shark (G. galeus ) Gogolia
Sailback houndshark (G. filewoodi ) Hemitriakis
Deepwater sicklefin hound shark (H. abdita )
Sicklefin hound shark (H. falcata )
Japanese topeshark (H. japanica )
Whitefin topeshark (H. leucoperiptera )
Ocelate topeshark (Hemitriakis Sp.A ) Hypogaleus
Blacktip tope (H. hyugaensis ) Iago
Longnose houndshark (I. garricki )
Bigeye houndshark (I. omanensis )
Lowfin houndshark (Iago Sp.A ) Mustelus (Smooth-hounds)
M. albipinnis
Gummy shark (M. antarcticus )
Starry smooth-hound (M. asterias )
Grey smooth-hound (M. californicus )
Dusky smooth-hound (M. canis )
Sharptooth smooth-hound (M. dorsalis )
Striped smooth-hound (M. fasciatus )
Spotless smooth-hound (M. griseus )
Brown smooth-hound (M. henlei )
Smalleye smooth-hound (M. higmani )
Spotted estuary smooth-hound (M. lenticulatus )
Sicklefin smooth-hound (M. lunulatus )
Starspotted smooth-hound (M. manazo )
Speckled smooth-hound (M. mento )
M. minicanis
Arabian smooth-hound (M. mosis )
Common smooth-hound (M. mustelus )
Narrowfin smooth-hound (M. norrisi )
Whitespotted smooth-hound (M. palumbes )
Blackspotted smooth-hound (M. punctulatus )
M. ravidus
Narrownose smooth-hound (M. schmitti )
Gulf smoothhound (M. sinusmexicanus )
Humpback smooth-hound (M. whitneyi )
M. widodoi Scylliogaleus
Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti ) Triakis
Sharpfin houndshark (T. acutipinna )
Spotted houndshark (T. maculata )
Sharptooth houndshark (T. megalopterus )
Banded houndshark (T. scyllium )
Leopard shark (T. semifasciata )
Carcharhinidae
Large family listed below Scyliorhinidae
Large family listed below
Carcharhinus
Glyphis (River sharks)
Isogomphodon
Daggernose shark (I. oxyrhynchus ) Lamiopsis
Broadfin shark (L. temminckii ) Loxodon
Sliteye shark (L. macrorhinus ) Nasolamia
Whitenose shark (N. velox ) Negaprion
Triaenodon
Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus )
Apristurus
Flatnose cat shark (A. acanutus )
A. albisoma
A. aphyodes
Atlantic ghost catshark (A. atlanticus )
Brown catshark (A. brunneus )
Hoary catshark (A. canutus )
Flaccid catshark (A. exsanguis )
A. fedorovi
Humpback cat shark (A. gibbosus )
Longfin catshark (A. herklotsi )
Smallbelly catshark (A. indicus )
A. internatus
Broadnose catshark (A. investigatoris )
Japanese catshark (A. japonicus )
Longnose catshark (A. kampae )
Iceland catshark (A. laurussonii )
Longhead catshark (A. longicephalus )
Flathead catshark (A. macrorhynchus )
Broadmouth cat shark (A. macrostomus )
Ghost catshark (A. manis )
Black roughscale catshark (A. melanoasper )
Smalleye catshark (A. microps )
Smalldorsal cat shark (A. micropterygeus )
Largenose catshark (A. nasutus )
Smallfin catshark (A. parvipinnis )
A. pinguis
Spatulasnout catshark (A. platyrhynchus )
Deepwater catshark (A. profundorum )
Broadgill catshark (A. riveri )
Saldanha catshark (A. saldanha )
Pale catshark (A. sibogae )
South China catshark (A. sinensis )
Spongehead catshark (A. spongiceps )
Panama ghost catshark (A. stenseni ) Asymbolus
Australian spotted catshark (A. analis )
A. funebris
Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus )
Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus )
A. parvus
A. rubiginosus
Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus )
Gulf catshark (A. vincenti ) Aulohalaelurus
New Caledonia catshark (A. kanakorum )
Australian blackspotted catshark (A. labiosus ) Cephaloscyllium
Cephalurus
Lollipop catshark (C. cephalus ) Halaelurus
Arabian catshark (H. alcockii )
Speckled catshark (H. boesemani )
Blackspotted catshark (H. buergeri )
Dusky catshark (H. canescens )
Broadhead cat shark (H. clevai )
New Zealand catshark (H. dawsoni )
Bristly catshark (H. hispidus )
Spotless catshark (H. immaculatus )
Lined catshark (H. lineatus )
Mud catshark (H. lutarius )
Tiger catshark (H. natalensis )
Quagga catshark (H. quagga ) Haploblepharus
Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii )
Brown shyshark (H. fuscus )
Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi )
Dark shyshark (H. pictus ) Parmaturus
White-tip catshark (P. albimarginatus )
White-clasper catshark (P. albipenis )
Beige catshark (P. bigus )
Campeche catshark (P. campechiensis )
Velvet catshark (P. lanatus )
McMillan's catshark (P. macmillani )
Blackgill catshark (P. melanobranchus )
Salamander shark (P. pilosus )
Filetail catshark (P. xaniurus )
Shorttail catshark (Parmaturus sp. A ) Pentanchus
Onefin catshark (P. profundicolus ) Poroderma
Pyjama catshark (P. africanum )
Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum ) Schroederichthys
Narrowmouthed catshark (S. bivius )
Redspotted catshark (S. chilensis )
Narrowtail catshark (S. maculatus )
Lizard catshark (S. saurisqualus )
Slender catshark (S. tenuis )
Alopiidae
Cetorhinidae
Lamnidae
Megachasmidae
Mitsukurinidae
Odontaspididae
Carcharias
Odontaspis
Smalltooth sand tiger (O. ferox )
Bigeye sand tiger (O. noronhai )
Pseudocarchariidae
Pseudocarcharias
Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai )